Electric Car Inspection: Key Tests to Run

Conducting specific testing procedures for electric vehicles is essential. This is particularly relevant when buying used models. A detailed inspection of an EV's battery health, electrical systems, and unique powertrain components will save your investment in today’s automotive world.

Why Used EV Inspections Are Different from Gas Cars

Researching electric and hybrid vehicles may be similar to testing traditional cars. Nevertheless, the unique powertrain in electric motors demands additional scrutiny. EVs have completely different maintenance needs, potential failure points, and performance characteristics that must be properly evaluated before purchase.

• Battery assessment is the most critical component, replacing typical engine testing in gas vehicles.
• High-voltage system safety presents unique hazards not found in conventional cars.
• Regenerative braking systems require specialized inspection procedures.
• Software and module evaluation is essential as EVs rely heavily on computer systems.
• Thermal management systems replace traditional cooling systems and need specific testing.

Do Electric Cars Need Smog Checks?

One benefit of EVs is their exemption from traditional smog checks. Such cars don't require emissions testing.

However, some states still mandate inspections for all vehicles. These reviews focus on lights, tires, brake functionality, and other safety components. Consider checking your local regulations to realize specific requirements.

What’s Included in an Electric Vehicle Inspection?

A detailed EV inspection covers numerous systems. They are typically unique to electric and hybrid vehicles. A quality exterior inspection should be performed by professional technicians. Some issues require specialized knowledge, technology, and equipment. Here’s the procedure:

• Capacity testing to determine the actual range compared to original specifications.
• High-voltage system integrity checking for proper insulation and component functionality.
• Electric motor and inverter productivity evaluation to ensure optimal power delivery.
• Thermal management system inspection to verify proper cooling.
• Comprehensive software diagnostics to identify any module issues or pending updates.

Checking Battery Health

Battery health is the most crucial aspect when inspecting used EVs. Most EVs feature this indicator that displays the remaining capacity as a percentage of the original specification. Request the vehicle's onboard diagnostics. Ideally, these elements should retain at least 80% of their original capacity.

Signs That a Battery Has Been Repaired or Replaced

First of all, determine if the battery pack has been replaced/repaired. Manufacturers maintain detailed information. Review it to be aware of how some issues can affect the vehicle's value and security:

• Mismatched manufacturing date codes indicating partial replacement.
• Inconsistent wear patterns or coloration differences between modules suggest repairs.
• Service records in the vehicle history report.
• Unexpectedly high range for the vehicle's age.
• The VIN decoder information sometimes shows replacement details for certain manufacturers/markets.

High-Voltage System Inspection

The high-voltage system in electric vehicles requires careful inspection by qualified technicians equipped with proper safety equipment. Testing should include the examination of orange high-voltage cables for damage, checking connector integrity, and scanning for isolation faults. The vehicle's inverters and power distribution modules should be inspected for signs of overheating or water damage. However, be careful while inspecting them. Such elements deliver dangerous voltage levels.

DC Fast Charging History

Frequent DC fast charging can accelerate battery degradation in some electric vehicles. When testing a used EV, use the onboard computer to review charging history data if available. Some vehicles track the number of fast-charging sessions. Excessive fast charging, particularly in older EV models, might indicate higher stress on battery cells. Most EVs perform best with a combined charging approach of mostly Level 2 home charging with occasional fast charging.

Common Software Issues in Used EVs

Software problems can affect electric vehicle performance. Some issues aren’t visible during test drives. As the automotive industry continues the development of more sophisticated EVs, software has become increasingly complex. Here are some issues:

• Outdated firmware causing reduced efficiency or charging speed limitations.
• Battery management system errors that might incorrectly report range or limit power.
• Infotainment system glitches affecting climate control and other comfort features.
• Charging port communication failures preventing proper charging connections.
• Braking calibration issues resulting in unexpected vehicle behavior.

Key Mechanical Components That Still Matter in an EV

Despite their simplified powertrain, electric vehicles are still equipped with numerous mechanical parts that require thorough inspection. If you need to check the car's history, find a window sticker with the corresponding data or review additional car body locations to find and check a VIN.

Traditional automotive knowledge remains valuable when evaluating specific components that continue to affect comfort and reliability. Vehicle manufacturers offer support and a diverse range of resources and solutions to common issues.

Component	What to Inspect	Why It Matters
Tires	Tread depth, pressure, wear patterns	Affects range, handling, and safety
Brakes	Pad thickness, rotor condition, fluid levels	Despite regenerative braking, physical brakes are critical
Suspension	Struts, bushings, alignment	Impacts ride quality and battery protection
Steering	Response, play in wheel, assist function	Safety and driving comfort
Body integrity	Panel gaps, window condition, bumper alignment	Indicates accident history and structural integrity
Wheels	Damage, alignment	Affects wheel efficiency and tire wear

The Biggest Mistakes Buyers Make When Inspecting a Used EV

Many EV buyers focus exclusively on battery health while overlooking other critical aspects of the vehicle. This narrow focus can lead to expensive issues after buying. Major company resources and technologies are dedicated to improving these inspection solutions.

• Neglecting to use a VIN decoder to verify original specifications and equipment.
• Skipping the vehicle history report, which reveals accident damage or flood exposure.
• Failing to test all charging speeds and ports during the inspection process.
• Overlooking tire or bumper condition.
• Not checking for software updates.

The Hidden Costs of Electric Vehicle Ownership

Electric vehicles, as a rule, have low operational costs. Nonetheless, several expenses can surprise buyers. Home charging equipment installation can range from $500 to $2,000, depending on your electrical setup.

Battery replacement, though rare, remains expensive (take this into account if you intend to negotiate a car price). The coverage of a car insurance policy largely depends on repair costs. Additionally, while EVs are equipped with fewer moving parts, specialized repairs often require dealer support at premium rates compared to independent shops.

Winter vs. Summer EV Performance

Seasonal temperature variations significantly impact electric vehicle performance and range. Understanding these differences helps develop solutions for year-round reliability. For example, technology used in modern EVs includes special cabin filter systems to improve efficiency.

Factor	Winter Impact	Summer Impact
Range	20-40% reduction in cold weather	10-15% reduction in extreme heat
Charging speed	Slower charging	Possible thermal throttling in high heat
Heating/cooling power consumption	High power draw for cabin heating	Moderate power draw for AC
Battery conditioning	May require extra power to keep temperature	Cooling filters activate more frequently
Tire pressure	More frequent pressure checks needed	Standard pressure maintenance

Final Thoughts

Inspecting an electric vehicle thoroughly before purchase requires attention to both EV-specific and traditional automotive components. The technology powering these vehicles continues to evolve rapidly, making it essential to partner with knowledgeable technicians during the inspection process. Consider testing your car at a service center that offers a diverse range of maintenance solutions for a specific brand.

While these cars are reliable compared to many gas-powered options, their unique systems demand proper evaluation to ensure you're making a sound decision. With the right testing approach, you can confidently navigate the used EV market in a world that is increasingly embracing electric mobility.

FAQ

Do Electric Cars Need License Plates?

Yes, electric vehicles require standard license plates in all states. While some states offer special EV plates that may provide benefits like HOV lane access, registration and plate requirements remain similar to conventional vehicles. Check local regulations for specific electric vehicle incentives related to registration.

What States Are Forcing Electric Cars?

Several states have established specific timelines:

• California authorities have ordered that all new cars sold must be zero-emission by 2035.
• New York, Massachusetts, and Washington have adopted similar regulations.
• Colorado, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont have implemented different EV incentives.
• Hawaii has committed to a fossil fuel-free transportation sector by 2045.

What Will Fail an Electric Vehicle Inspection?

Among these issues, several problems should be mentioned:

• A battery capacity below 70% of original specification.
• High-voltage system faults.
• Inoperative charging systems.
• Brake failures.
• Severe tire wear.

Malfunctioning lights, broken glass, or damaged restraint systems will also result in inspection failure, similar to conventional vehicles.

Are Electric Cars Safe to Drive in Floods or Heavy Rain?

Modern electric vehicles are designed and tested to operate safely in rain and modest water crossings. Most such cars have battery packs configured with comprehensive sealing and protection that often exceeds typical gas vehicles. However, driving through deep water remains risky. Electrical component damage can be costly to replace.

Can Electric Cars Sit Unused for Long Periods Without Issues?

These cars can handle inactivity better than gas cars in some ways, but they require specific maintenance when left unused. This applies to both passenger cars and electric trucks with their larger systems.

• Charge should be maintained between 30-80% during long storage periods.
• Monthly checks or brief drives help maintain systems and prevent flat spots on tires.
• Climate-controlled storage is a beneficial solution to prevent extreme temperature exposure.
• Battery management systems in most modern EVs will maintain proper cell balance even when parked.
• Connected features frequently combined with accessories should be disabled to prevent battery drain during extended storage.
• Electric vehicle windows and other power-dependent functions may need occasional activation to prevent system stagnation.